Thursday, December 26, 2013

VOUCHER

Consider this as well, that when the IRS sends to us a presentment, they include a voucher or a coupon. Are not coupons a form of money or a reduction in the amount we “pay”. A coupon is also a form of a voucher, look at this definition: coupon; noun; a voucher entitling the holder to a discount for a particular product; a detachable portion of a bond that is given up in return for a payment of interest. Notice above: “Voucher check”. They are giving us the funds in which to settle the claim and we have been too ignorant to see it. We scream the IRS is taking to much, no! They have been trying to help us, but we would prefer to go to prison then give them back what they gave to us to settle the account out of complete ignorance. Render unto the IRS that which they created and get back to Rendering unto God what God has given us. Our “Personal Money Orders” are first issued and payable on demand.
Title 31 § 3325. Vouchers
(a) A disbursing official in the executive branch of the United States Government shall—
(1) disburse money only as provided by a voucher certified by—
(A) the head of the executive agency concerned; or
(B) an officer or employee of the executive agency having written authorization from the head of the agency to certify vouchers;
(2) examine a voucher if necessary to decide if it is—
(A) in proper form;
(B) certified and approved; and
(C) computed correctly on the facts certified; and
(3) except for the correctness of computations on a voucher or pursuant to payment intercepts or offsets pursuant to section 3716 or 3720Aof this title,,[1] be held accountable for carrying out clauses (1) and (2) of this subsection.
(b) In addition to officers and employees referred to in subsection (a)(1)(B) of this section as having authorization to certify vouchers, members of the armed forces may certify vouchers when authorized, in writing, by the Secretary of Defense or, in the case of the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, by the Secretary of Homeland Security.
(c) On request, the Secretary of the Treasury may provide to the appropriate officer or employee of the United States Government a list of persons receiving periodic payments from the Government. When certified and in proper form, the list may be used as a voucher on which the Secretary may disburse money.
(d) The head of an executive agency or an officer or employee of an executive agency referred to in subsection (a)(1)(B), as applicable, shall include with each certified voucher submitted to a disbursing official pursuant to this section the taxpayer identifying number of each person to whom payment may be made under the voucher.

“UCC § 3-501(a):  “Presentment” means a demand made by or on behalf of a person entitled to enforce an instrument
(i)                 to pay the instrument made to the drawee or a party obliged to pay the instrument or, in the case of a note or accepted draft payable at a bank, to the bank, or
(ii)                to accept a draft made to the drawee.”

Above states, they can accept a voucher. Not a voucher along with a payment but the voucher. Are FRN's, checks, etc. i.e. “money”? Are they substance? They are a promise to pay, a promissory note, a debt instrument. Gold, silver, labor, our autographs, and land are substance. FRNs, Checks, money orders, promissory notes, etc. are pieces of paper, fictions, and no substance - except if your real flesh and blood man/woman autograph in blue or purple ink happens to be on a money order, or in this case, a voucher.
Notice: at the top of the dollars, FRNs, it belongs the Federal Reserve System. If I give you a promise to pay, whom do you collect from? Me! Can you offer it to another? No! How would I know if it is the original and not a forged IOU? If I agree to allow you to use it and they accept the promise to pay, then all is good. Just remember, if you use my promise to pay, what you bought with it, belongs to me. It is my name on the promise to pay- not yours. On the other hand, if I have it numbered, or a statement, this is legal tender for all debts, and have the government support for it, for public and private debts, then it will be “accepted” by everyone.

UCC § 3-105:
(a)  “‘Issue’ means the first delivery of an instrument by the maker or drawer, whether to a holder or nonholder, for the purpose of giving rights on the instrument to any person.
(b) An unissued instrument, or an unissued incomplete instrument that is completed, is binding on the maker or drawer, but nonissuance is a defense. An instrument that is conditionally issued or is issued for a special purpose is binding on the maker or drawer, but failure of the condition or special purpose to be fulfilled is a defense.
(c)  “Issuer” applies to issued and unissued instruments and means a maker or drawer of an instrument.”
“UCC § 3-106(a) Except as provided in this section, for the purposes of Section 3-104(a), a promise or order is unconditional…”.
These are payable on demand:
“UCC § 3-104. NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT.
(a)  Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d), "negotiable instrument" means an unconditional promise or order to pay a fixed amount of money, with or without interest or other charges described in the promise or order, if it:
(1) is payable to bearer or to order at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder;
(2) is payable on demand or at a definite time; and
(3) does not state any other undertaking or instruction by the person promising or ordering payment to do any act in addition to the payment of money, but the promise or order may contain
(i) an undertaking or power to give, maintain, or protect collateral to secure payment,
(ii) an authorization or power to the holder to confess judgment or realize on or dispose of collateral, or
(iii) a waiver of the benefit of any law intended for the advantage or protection of an obligor.”
“UCC § 3-501.  PRESENTMENT: (b)  The following rules are subject to Article 4, agreement of the parties, and clearing-house rules and the like:
(1)  Presentment may be made at the place of payment of the instrument and must be made at the place of payment if the instrument is payable at a bank in the United States; may be made by any commercially reasonable means, including an oral, written, or electronic communication; is effective when the demand for payment or acceptance is received by the person to whom presentment is made; and is effective if made to any one of two or more makers, acceptors, drawees, or other payors.
(2)  Upon demand of the person to whom presentment is made, the person making presentment must
(i) exhibit the instrument,
(ii) give reasonable identification and, if presentment is made on behalf of another person, reasonable evidence of authority to do so, and
(iii) sign a receipt on the instrument for any payment made or surrender the instrument if full payment is made.
(3)  Without dishonoring the instrument, the party to whom presentment is made may
(i) return the instrument for lack of a necessary indorsement, or
(ii) refuse payment or acceptance for failure of the presentment to comply with the terms of the instrument, an agreement of the parties, or other applicable law or rule.
(4)  The party to whom presentment is made may treat presentment as occurring on the next business day after the day of presentment if the party to whom presentment is made has established a cut-off hour not earlier than 2 p.m. for the receipt and processing of instruments presented for payment or acceptance and presentment is made after the cut-off hour.”
“UCC § 4-105. “BANK”; “DEPOSITARY BANK”; “PAYOR BANK”; “INTERMEDIARY BANK”; “COLLECTING BANK”; “PRESENTING BANK”. In this Article :
(1)  “Bank” means a person engaged in the business of banking, including a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, or trust company.”
“UCC § 3-108(a) A promise or order is “payable on demand” And if it is refused, it is discharged”.
“UCC § 3-603(b) If tender of payment of an obligation to pay an instrument is made to a person entitled to enforce the instrument and the tender is refused, there is discharge, to the extent of the amount of the tender, of the obligation of an indorser or accommodation party having a right of recourse with respect to the obligation to which the tender relates”. We make them payable to the US Treasury
“UCC § 3-110(c) A person to whom an instrument is payable may be identified in any way, including by name, identifying number, office, or account number…”
Honor their laws, in fact obey them when it comes to money. They put this down for us to use. Did I know I was a bank? Do servants tell their masters what they can and cannot do? Our God and King tells us he can do anything we ask. Our servants say we will settle all claims, all we have to do is tell them. Yet, we remain silent to God and to our servants. When will we learn?


INTERNAL REVENUE MANUEL


IRM 3.8.44.4.2: If remittance is not made payable to the United States Treasury or one of the acceptable payees listed below, pull the remittance and source document and route to the Payment Perfection Unit.
Payee
Accept/Reject
Overstamp/
Endorse
Internal Revenue Service
Accept
No
United States Treasury
Accept
No
U.S. Treasury/
US Treasury
Accept
No
Department of the Treasury/
Department of Treasury
Accept
No
IRS
Accept
Overstamp
Director (or Commissioner) of Internal Revenue
Accept
Overstamp
Estimated Tax
Accept
Overstamp
Federal Tax Deposit (FTD)
Accept if clearly intended as FTD payment
Overstamp
Social Security Administration (or SSA)
Accept if received with SSA Form 4511
Overstamp
FICA
Accept
Overstamp
Blank
Accept
Overstamp
Other U.S. Government Agency
Accept
Overstamp
Taxpayer (personal check or money order)
Accept if taxpayer has endorsed. Reject if taxpayer has not endorsed.
Endorse “For Deposit Only - United States Treasury” below last endorsement.
Third Party
Reject unless third party has endorsed. If third party has endorsed the check over to the taxpayer, the taxpayer must also have endorsed.
Endorse “For Deposit Only - United States Treasury” below last endorsement.
Variations of any agency or department of the United States Government should be construed to be a payment to the United States Government.
Accept
Overstamp
State Agency or Franchise Tax Board
Accept if money amount matches the Federal Document.
Overstamp
Even the Internal Revenue Service, according to the IRM at 3.8.45.4.9, cannot accept gold or silver in payment of taxes (which taxes are a debt), this then appears to follow the United States Titles. So, why have it here as well? Unless, the IRS is not a department of the US Treasury as we understand it, or subject to the codes of the US.
If you will notice that if this is not done correctly, that is, made payable to the United State Treasury, it is to be sent to the perfection department, that is where they change who make it payable to. In other words, if you accidently send in your heating bill payment to the IRS, they correct it to make it payable to the United States Treasury. Therefore, they have various techniques to accept payment and what they need to do, or look for. When I do an “Accepted For Value” or “Accept for Value” I make it “deposited to”, and make the self-created Money Order “payable to” the “US Treasury”. I also endorse the back. Now if you look at Taxpayer it mentions personal check or money order. Is that a personal money order? We understand personal checks, but to my knowledge, only an “Accepted For Value” or “Accept for Value”, do we make a personal money order. However, lets us say that is incorrect. Then we must consider that they are to accept the “Money order”, if it has been endorsed. Endorse is defined as: sign (a check or bill of exchange) on the back to make it payable to someone other than the stated payee or to accept responsibility for paying it. What check or money order do you endorse? Only if I wanted to cash it and that it is made out to me. So how does a check or money order get my endorsement? It is a personal money order, it needs to be endorsed by me, and this is in line with the “Accepted For Value” or “Accept for Value”.

IRM: Unacceptable Payments 1.3.8.45.4.9: “Unacceptable Payment of Taxes are items that the Depository Bank will not accept as payment. Any of the following items found in the Payment Perfection Unit must be returned to the taxpayer-using letter 2689, 2690, or 3270. 
Note: If these items are not returned immediately, they must be stored in a locked safe. 


Gold
Silver
Jewelry
Stamps
Savings Bonds
Treasury Notes
Treasury Bills
Stocks
Treasury Certificates of Deposit
Promissory Note
Gold Coins (other than U.S. Currency)
Deposit Slips or Withdrawal Slips
Credit Card(s)
Debit Card(s)
Gift Card(s)

Return the items of monetary value exceeding $10 by certified mail, and items under $10 by regular mail, within 24 hours of receipt. Process accompanying returns/documents as non-remit.
Credit cards for payment are not processed by the Campus Deposit function. Taxpayers may use a credit card to make payments towards balances owed by telephone. If you receive a taxpayer's credit card or correspondence with their credit card information in the mail, the Deposit function will send the credit card back to the taxpayer thru certified mail along with 3270 (SC), for Return of Credit Card to Taxpayers, advising the taxpayer that the IRS does not have the capability to process credit card payment transactions when the credit card or credit card information is submitted with the return or a return adjustment.
Items of value that cannot be returned because the taxpayer cannot be identified, will not accept, or is undeliverable, should be maintained in a locked safe for the current year plus three years.
If a claim for items being held is received from a taxpayer, return the item to the taxpayer as outlined in IRM 3.8.45.4.9(2) above.
If the taxpayer does not claim the item of value, the Operations Manager will determine the disposition of the item at the end of the retention period.
These items will be recorded on Form “Records of Contents of Safes/Vaults”. This form is currently available from your Planning and Analysis Analyst. Managers will review this form monthly”.
As you see, Gold and silver are first on the list. We are not to pay with gold and silver; we are to pay with self-created money order, personal money order that we endorse, “Accepted For Value” or “Accept for Value”. If the AFV is invalid, it would be returned.

IRM
3.8.45.4.2: “Remittance Perfection:
Types of possible remittances the IRS campus may receive for processing can include any of the following.
Personal Check.
Money Order.
Cashier's Check.
Cash, refer to Cash Clerks.
Business Check.
Certified Check.
Voucher Check.
Treasury Check.
Draft/Postcard Type Check.
Gold Coins (U.S. Currency Only).

Travelers Cheques.
Note:
Taxpayers may also pay taxes by credit card by phone. Types of taxes that can be paid by credit card are listed in IRM 21.2.1.50.4, Credit or Debit Card Payments (Pay by Phone or Internet). Remittance perfection technicians may not process credit card payments to taxpayer accounts. Electronic funds transfer is another payment method. IRM 3.8.45 prescribes procedures for paper remittance processing. 


Keep remittance with source document; do not staple together. Prior to processing, remove check stubs and any staples attached.
If payee is IRS only, CASH, or blank, stamp United States Treasury on payee line.
Money orders must have either the name of the taxpayer or TIN. If not present, enter taxpayer's TIN as it appears on the accompanying source document.
When travelers cheques are received by mail, compare the counter signature with the original signature. If the signatures match, process the payment.
When travelers cheques are received in person (walk-in customers on an exception basis), witness countersigning and compare to the original signature on the travelers cheque.
If the travelers cheque has only one signature, send it back to the taxpayer.
If the signatures do not match, forward to your local TIGTA office.
6 When gold coins are received from a taxpayer,
Verify they are U.S. currency.
If not U.S. currency, return to the taxpayer according to IRM 3.8.45.4.9.
If U.S. currency, immediately contact the Property Appraisal and Liquidation (PAL) Specialist at the telephone number shown below. The PAL will take possession of the coins so they can be sold at auction.
SPC
PAL Specialist's Phone No.
Atlanta
(706) 650-3248
Austin
(512) 464-3097
Cincinnati
(502) 572-2284
Fresno
(213) 576-4380
Kansas City
(816) 503-4225
Ogden
(503) 326-3045

Gold coins must be stored in a locked safe until they are surrendered to the PAL”.
 

Saturday, November 30, 2013

BANK

The legal statutory and professional definitions of “bank”, “banking”, and “banker” used in the United States Code and Code of Federal Regulations are not those commonly understood for these terms and have made the statutory definition of “Bank” accordingly:
a.      UCC 4-105 PART 1 “Bank” means a person engaged in the business of banking,"
b.     12CFR Sec. 229.2 Definitions (e) “Bank” means-"the term bank also includes any person engaged in the business of banking,"
c.      12CFR Sec. 210.2 Definitions. (d)“Bank” means any person engaged in the business of banking.
d.     The term “person” means a legal fiction (corporation or trust) construct such as PATRICIA A MORRIS transmitting utility.
e.      TITLE 12 Sec. 1813. -Definitions of Bank and Related Terms. (1) Bank. - The term "bank" - (A) "means any national bank, State bank, and District bank, and any Federal branch and insured branch;"
f.       Black's Law Dictionary, 5th Edition, page 133, defines a “Banker” as: "In general sense, person that engages in business of banking. In narrower meaning, a private person…; who is engaged in the business of banking without being incorporated. Under some statutes, an individual banker, as distinguished from a "private banker", is a person who, having complied with the statutory requirements, has received authority from the state to engage in the business of banking, while a private banker is a person engaged in banking without having any special privileges or authority from the state.”
g.     “Banking'”- Is partly and optionally defined as "The business of issuing notes for circulation ....., negotiating bills."
h.     Black's Law Dictionary, 5th Edition, page 133, defines “Banking”: The business of banking, as defined by law and custom, consists in the issue of notes intended to circulate as money…
i.      And defines a “Banker’s Note” as: "A commercial instrument resembling a bank note in every particular except that it is given by a private banker or unincorporated banking institution."
j.      "In the absence of a statutory definition, courts give terms their ordinary meaning.” Bass, Terri L. v. Stolper, Koritzinsky, 111 F.3d 1325, 7thCir. Apps. (1996).
k.     As the U.S. Supreme Court noted, “We have stated time and again that courts must presume that a legislature says in a statute what it means and means in a statute what it says there.” See, e.g., United States v. Ron Pair Enterprises, Inc., 489 U.S. 235, 241-242 (1989); United States v. Goldenberg, 168 U.S. 95, 102 -103 (1897).


We, the people, are banks! So, to whom do we make these “Accept for Values” out to? The way I see it, these codes said Treasury department is to settle the debts. However, the IRS is the accounting and collection department of the Treasury Department. Let us see what the IRS has to say.

VALUE

What can we do? “Accepted For Value” or “Accept for Value”. When you accept the illegal, void, non-gold or non-silver related debt, then you, the creator of governments, give it value. Are you not the sons and daughters of God? Ambassadors? Representation of God, to do all acts in his name? John 14:13; John 14:14; John 16:23; John 16:26. Sovereigns can create money or value. What of the Law Of Nations? I have never signed up or agreed to the LON, therefore, value is whatever I claim it to be and you accept; however, no country or other sovereign has to accept it. There lies the problem; my creation may not be recognized by anyone. But wait!

UCC § 1-204: “Except as otherwise provided in Articles 3, 4, [and] 5, [and 6], a person gives value for rights if the person acquires them:
(1) in return for a binding commitment to extend credit or for the extension of immediately available credit, whether or not drawn upon and whether or not a charge-back is provided for in the event of difficulties in collection;
(2) as security for, or in total or partial satisfaction of, a preexisting claim;
(3) by accepting delivery under a preexisting contract for purchase; or
(4) in return for any consideration sufficient to support a simple contract”.

UCC § 3-419:
“(a) If an instrument is issued for value given for the benefit of a party to the instrument (“accommodated party”) and another party to the instrument (“accommodation party”) signs the instrument for the purpose of incurring liability on the instrument without being a direct beneficiary of the value given for the instrument, the instrument is signed by the accommodation party “for accommodation.”
(b) An accommodation party may sign the instrument as maker, drawer, acceptor, or indorser and, subject to subsection (d), is obliged to pay the instrument in the capacity in which the accommodation party signs. The obligation of an accommodation party may be enforced notwithstanding any statute of frauds and whether or not the accommodation party receives consideration for the accommodation.
(c) A person signing an instrument is presumed to be an accommodation party and there is notice that the instrument is signed for accommodation if the signature is an anomalous indorsement or is accompanied by words indicating that the signer is acting as surety or guarantor with respect to the obligation of another party to the instrument. Except as provided in Section 3-605, the obligation of an accommodation party to pay the instrument is not affected by the fact that the person enforcing the obligation had notice when the instrument was taken by that person that the accommodation party signed the instrument for accommodation.
(d) If the signature of a party to an instrument is accompanied by words indicating unambiguously that the party is guaranteeing collection rather than payment of the obligation of another party to the instrument, the signer is obliged to pay the amount due on the instrument to a person entitled to enforce the instrument only if
(i) execution of judgment against the other party has been returned unsatisfied,
(ii) the other party is insolvent or in an insolvency proceeding,
(iii) the other party cannot be served with process, or
(iv) it is otherwise apparent that payment cannot be obtained from the other party.
(e) If the signature of a party to an instrument is accompanied by words indicating that the party guarantees payment or the signer signs the instrument as an accommodation party in some other manner that does not unambiguously indicate an intention to guarantee collection rather than payment, the signer is obliged to pay the amount due on the instrument to a person entitled to enforce the instrument in the same circumstances as the accommodated party would be obliged, without prior resort to the accommodated party by the person entitled to enforce the instrument.
(f) An accommodation party who pays the instrument is entitled to reimbursement from the accommodated party and is entitled to enforce the instrument against the accommodated party. In proper circumstances, an accommodation party may obtain relief that requires the accommodated party to perform its obligations on the instrument. An accommodated party that pays the instrument has no right of recourse against, and is not entitled to contribution from, an accommodation party”.
UCC § 3-103(a):
(1)  “‘Acceptor’ means a drawee who has accepted a draft”.
(4)  “‘Drawee’ means a person ordered in a draft to make payment”.
(7)  “‘Maker’ means a person who signs or is identified in a note as a person undertaking to pay”.


PAYBACK

Even though in the case, Guaranty Trust of New York vs. Henwood; 1977 (makes reference to Title 31 § 5118 ) “...legal tender for the discharge of debt is no longer required”, legal tender are Federal Reserve Notes.
The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago in its booklet: Modern Money Mechanics (page 2), states; “In the United States neither paper currency [e.g., Federal Reserve Notes] nor deposits have value as commodities. Intrinsically, a dollar bill is just a piece of paper, deposits merely book entries. The acceptance of said “currency” is merely a “confidence” game predicated upon the people’s faith or “confidence” that these currencies/instruments can be exchanged/accepted for goods and services”. Does this go against the LON? Absolutely! It is Treason!
From the document “There is no legal tender”, it concluded with “In section one of HJR-192 there is a single very important sentence, which states: “Any such provision contained in any law authorizing obligations to be issued by or under the authority of the United States, is hereby repealed.
This is hugely important because under § 16 of the Federal Reserve Act (above, at PART ONE) the Federal reserve notes issued under that section were expressly said to be obligations of the United States. Then, in June of 1933 the authority to issue those § 16 Federal reserve notes was repealed! Result? ALL Federal reserve or Reserve notes are without authority of law.”
If there is a method to get the government to settle the claims of the public debt, what is it? After all, this is the only way we can actually claim our property, toys, our lives and get rid of the national debt. The United States Supreme Court said, in United States v. Russell [13 Wall, 623, 627] “Private property, the Constitution provides, shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.”
The National Debt is defined as “mortgages on the wealth and income of the people of a country.” (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1959.)
The United States cannot pledge or risk the property and wealth of its private citizens, for any government purpose without legally providing them remedy to recover what is due them on their risk.
Black’s Law Dictionary, 5th edition, defines “surety”: “One who undertakes to pay or to do any other act in event that his principal fails therein. Everyone who incurs a liability in person or estate for the benefit of another, without sharing in the consideration, stands in the position of a “surety.”
The rights of a surety to recovery on his risk or loss when standing for the debts of another was reaffirmed again as late as 1962 in Pearlman v. Reliance Ins. Co., 371 U.S. 132 when the Court said: “sureties compelled to pay debts for their principal have been deemed entitled to reimbursement, even without a contractual promise”

FORBIDDEN GOLD

Is there a code that claims all this craziness concerning gold? Does it matter? Yes, it matters, as you are a US Citizen by the all money name, upper case, capitalization, a vessel. If you cannot use gold to pay debts and now cannot use gold to pay debt obligations, then how does one “pay” debts? It is written, so shall it be: therefore:

USC (US Code or Title) 31, § 5118. Gold clauses and consent to sue
(a) In this section—
(1) “gold clause” means a provision in or related to an obligation alleging to give the obligee a right to require payment in—
(A) gold;
(B) a particular United States coin or currency; or
(C) United States money measured in gold or a particular United States coin or currency.
(2) “public debt obligation” means a domestic obligation issued or guaranteed by the United States Government to repay money or interest.
(b) The United States Government may not pay out any gold coin. A person lawfully holding United States coins and currency may present the coins and currency to the Secretary of the Treasury for exchange (dollar for dollar) for other United States coins and currency (other than gold and silver coins) that may be lawfully held. The Secretary shall make the exchange under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(c)
(1) The Government withdraws its consent given to anyone to assert against the Government, its agencies, or its officers, employees, or agents, a claim—
(A) on a gold clause public debt obligation or interest on the obligation;
(B) for United States coins or currency; or
(C) Arising out of the surrender, requisition, seizure, or acquisition of United States coins or currency, gold, or silver involving the effect or validity of a change in the metallic content of the dollar or in a regulation about the value of money.
(2) Paragraph (1) of this subsection does not apply to a proceeding in which no claim is made for payment or credit in an amount greater than the face or nominal value in dollars of public debt obligations or United States coins or currency involved in the proceeding.
(3) Except when consent is not withdrawn under this subsection, an amount appropriated for payment on public debt obligations and for United States, coins and currency may be expended only dollar for dollar.
(D)
(1) In this subsection, “obligation” means any obligation (except United States currency) payable in United States money.
(2) An obligation issued containing a gold clause or governed by a gold clause is discharged on payment (dollar for dollar) in United States coin or currency that is legal tender at the time of payment. This paragraph does not apply to an obligation issued after October 27, 1977.

So this all means in Title 31 § 5118, you have gold coins that you can replace them with FRNs dollar for dollar § (b)- what a rip off! The government withdraws its consent to assert a claim against the government (c)(1). YET they will settle dollar for dollar (c)(3) when consent is not withdrawn, payment on a public debt. It can be discharged dollar for dollar (d)(2). It is their law and affects the all money name. So, there has to be a remedy, or this would be a huge conflict. What does this say; you can use the government to settle your “illegal and void” debts dollar for dollar. Americans are foreign to the democracy. What we do is always foreign on behalf of the US Citizen, as a representative of the public debt, (all money name) which Americans have to settle. Foreigners have to settle the debts of the UNITED STATES, as all things created in the democracy are debtors, and debtors cannot create credit. Can FRNs be used to pay debts? No. In Echart v. Commissioners C.C.C 42 Fd2d 158, “Giving note (Federal Reserve) does not constitute payment” and Legal tender (Federal Reserve) Notes are not good and lawful money of the United States. See Rains v State, 226 S.W. 189. What have you actually paid for? Nothing! Who owes it? The Democracy, as all property is abandoned. We have made no valid claims. These are just a form of a promise to pay; the use of a (federal reserve) ‘Note’ is only a promise to pay. See Fidelity Savings v Grimes, 131 P2d 894.

Just try to redeem FRNs at a bank, even if it says you can. Section 16 of the current Federal Reserve Act, which is codified at Title 12 § 411: “Issuance to reserve banks; nature of obligation; redemption:
v  Federal reserve notes, to be issued at the discretion of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for making advances to Federal reserve banks through the Federal reserve agents as hereinafter set forth and for no other purpose, are authorized. The said notes shall be obligations of the United States and shall be receivable by all national and member banks and Federal Reserve banks and for all taxes, customs, and other public dues. They shall be redeemed in lawful money on demand at the Treasury Department of the United States, in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, or at any Federal Reserve Bank”.